什么是非谓语动词?非谓语动词的含义、形式和用法各是怎样的?相信大部分同学都没能搞清楚,云里雾里的感觉实在是不怎么好!别愁啦,小编今天带来了非谓语动词大餐,将为大家一一解答困惑,一起来看吧!
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下:
1. 不定式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
He sat there,reading a newspaper.
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流 (及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系,即“河流被污染”)
fallen leaves 落叶(不及物动词fall和leaves之间是主动关系,即“叶子落下来”)
注意:非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行和将来是相对于谓语动作来说的:和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1. 不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主语)
It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主语,it做形式主语)
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作宾语)
His wish is to be a driver.(作表语)
I have nothing to say.(作定语)
The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作宾语补足语)
They went to see their aunt. (目的状语)
Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)
I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语)
His job is driving a bus.(作表语)
The story is interesting.(作表语)
He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作状语)
The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定语)
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)
He is interested in the news.(作表语)
Given more time,I can do my work better.(做状语)
I found my watch stolen.(做宾补)
1. 须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。
五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)
根据谐音记忆法,我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。
I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
注意:以上11个动词,也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补,但在时间和语态上会有变化,我们以see为例来区分一下。
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.
我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)
I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)
We often see him surrounded by much work.
2.只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事